Not all of the UN’s classifications have been implemented within the EU and they do not always match the CHIP classes, so some chemicals will appear to be more or less hazardous than they were.
Each classification and category has a signal word (danger, warning or no word), depending on how dangerous the substance is. All classifications and categories have at least one pictogram except for eight that do not and one that has two.
There are lowest concentration percentage trigger points for the classifications & categories, these range upwards from 0.1%. The lowest trigger point value depends on how hazardous the substance is for example Carcinogenic 1A & 1B = 0.1% and Carcinogenic 2 = 1.0%.
The categories in red are in the UN framework but currently have not implemented within the EU.
Classification & Categories
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Explanation
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Acute Toxic 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
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Acute toxicity is differentiated into oral, dermal, Inhalation via dust, mist or vapour using the LD50/LC50 values, usually from rats.
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Aquatic Acute 1, 2, 3
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This is where a substance or mixture is hazardous to the aquatic environment after a short-term exposure.
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Aquatic Chronic 1, 2, 3, 4
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This where a substance or mixture causes adverse effects to aquatic organisms, during exposure, which are determined in relation to the life-cycle of the organism.
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Aspiration Toxicity 1, 2
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‘Aspiration’ is the entry of a liquid or solid substance or mixture directly through the oral or nasal cavity, or indirectly from vomiting, into the trachea and lower respiratory system. This includes severe acute effects such as chemical pneumonia, varying degrees of pulmonary injury or death following aspiration.
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Carcinogenic 1A, 1B, 2
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Carcinogen means a substance or a mixture of substances which induce cancer or increase its incidence.
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Compressed Gas 1
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A gas which when packaged under pressure is entirely gaseous at -50oC, including all gases with a critical temperature less than or equal to -50oC.
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Dissolved Gas 1
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A gas which when packaged under pressure is dissolved in a liquid phase solvent.
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Explosives 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, Unstable
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An explosive substance or mixture is a solid or liquid substance or mixture which is capable of producing gas at such a temperature and pressure and at such a speed as to cause damage to the surroundings, or, a pyrotechnic substance or mixture is a substance or mixture of substances designed to produce an effect by heat, light, sound, gas or smoke or a combination of these as the result of non-detonative self-sustaining exothermic chemical reactions.
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Eye Damage/Irritant 1, 2A, 2B
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Damage is the production of tissue damage or serious decay of vision following the application of a test substance surface of the eye, which is not fully reversible within 21 days. Irritation is like damage except it is fully reversible within 21 days of application of the test substance.
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Flammable Aerosol 1, 2
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Aerosol dispensers, are any non-refillable receptacles made of metal, glass or plastics and containing a gas compressed, liquefied or dissolved under pressure, with or without a liquid, paste or powder, and fitted with a release device allowing the contents to be ejected as solid or liquid particles in suspension in a gas, as a foam, paste or powder or in a liquid state or in a gaseous state.
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Flammable Gas 1, 2
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This is a gas or gas mixture having a flammable range with air at 20 oC and with a standard pressure of 101.3 kPa.
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Flammable Liquid 1, 2, 3, 4
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Flammable liquid means a liquid having a flash point of not more than 60oC.
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Flammable Solid 1, 2
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These are readily combustible solids which are powdered, granular, or pasty substances or mixtures, which can be easily ignited by brief contact with an ignition source, such as a burning match, and if the flame spreads rapidly.
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Germ Cell Mutagenicity 1A, 1B, 2
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This is a permanent change in the amount or structure of the genetic material within a cell or the underlying DNA.
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Hazardous to the ozone layer 1
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This classification is currently only a EU classification for any substance which may present a danger to the Ozone layer. This classification has now been added to the UN framework.
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Liquefied Gas 1
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A gas which, when packaged under pressure, is partially liquid at temperatures above -50oC.
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Metal Corrosion 1
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This is used for a substance or mixture which by chemical action will materially damage, or even destroy, metals.
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Organic Peroxide A, B, C/D, E/F, G
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Organic peroxides, which can be either a liquid or solid, are thermally unstable substances or mixtures, which can undergo exothermic self-accelerating decomposition. In addition, they can have one or more of the following properties: (i) be liable to explosive decomposition; (ii) burn rapidly; (iii) be sensitive to impact or friction; (iv) react dangerously with other substances.
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Oxidising Gas 1
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This is any gas or gas mixture which may cause or contribute to the combustion of any other material more that air does.
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Oxidising Liquid 1, 2, 3
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These are a liquid substance or mixture which, while in itself not necessarily combustible, may, generally by yielding oxygen, cause, or contribute to, the combustion of other material.
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Oxidising Solid 1, 2, 3
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These are a solid substance or mixture which, while in itself not necessarily combustible, may, generally by yielding oxygen, cause, or contribute to, the combustion of other material.
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Pyrophoric Liquid 1
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These are liquid substances or mixtures which, even in small quantities, are liable to ignite within five minutes after coming into contact with air.
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Pyrophoric Solid 1
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These are solid substances or mixtures which, even in small quantities, are liable to ignite within five minutes after coming into contact with air.
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Refrigerated liquefied Gas 1
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A gas which when packaged is made partially liquid because of its low temperature.
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Reproductive Toxicity 1A, 1B, 2, Lactation
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Reproductive toxicity includes adverse effects on sexual function and fertility in adult males and females, as well as developmental toxicity in babies. For classification purposes, the known induction of genetically based heritable effects in babies is addressed in Germ Cell Mutagenicity.
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Respiratory or Skin Sensitisation 1
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Respiratory sensitizer is a substance that will lead to hypersensitivity of the airways following inhalation. Skin sensitizer is a substance that will lead to an allergic response following dermal contact.
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Self Reactive A, B, C/D, E/F, G
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A self-reactive substance or mixture is regarded as possessing explosive properties. When in laboratory testing the formulation is liable to detonate, to deflagrate rapidly or to show a violent effect when heated under confinement.
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Self-Heating substances 1, 2
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This can be a liquid or solid substance or mixture, other than a pyrophoric liquid or solid, which, by reaction with air and without energy supply, is liable to self-heat; this substance or mixture differs from a pyrophoric liquid or solid in that it will ignite only when in large amounts (kilograms) and after long periods of time (hours or days).
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Skin Corrosion/Irritant 1A, 1B, 1C, 2, 3
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Corrosion is the irreversible damage to the skin following the application of a test substance for up to 4 hours, or discolouration, alopecia and scars to the skin after 14 days observation. Irritation is the reversible damage to the skin following the application of the test substance for up to 4 hours.
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Specific Target Organ Toxicity - Repeated Exposure 1, 2
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This is a substance or mixture that targets specific organs from repeated exposure, it includes all significant health effects that can impair function, both reversible and irreversible, immediate and/or delayed and are not specifically addressed by other classifications.
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Specific Target Organ Toxicity - Single Exposure 1, 2, 3
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This is a substance or mixture that targets specific organs, in a non lethal way, from a single exposure, it includes all significant health effects that can impair function, both reversible and irreversible, immediate and/or delayed and are not specifically addressed by other classifications.
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Water reactive 1, 2, 3
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These are liquid or solid substances or mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases, by interaction with water, are liable to become spontaneously flammable or to give off flammable gases in dangerous quantities.
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